Brazil produced approximately 104,000 tonnes of niobium in 2025, representing 93 percent of global output. Almost all production comes from CBMM's operation at Araxá, Minas Gerais — the most concentrated market position of any critical mineral globally, exceeding Congo's 73% cobalt share and China's 69% rare-earth share. Global reserves: Brazil holds 14 million tonnes.
Sigma Lithium's Grota do Cirilo in the Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, has nameplate capacity of 270,000 tonnes/year of lithium concentrate — fifth-largest globally. Phase 2 targets 520,000 tonnes. All-in sustaining costs near US$600/t. Brazil produced approximately 12,000 tonnes of contained lithium in 2025 (USGS).
Vale produced 177,200 tonnes of nickel in 2025, guiding to 175,000–200,000 tonnes for 2026. Onça Puma commissioned a second furnace in September 2025, expanding capacity 60% to approximately 40,000 t/year. Brazil's nickel belt spans Goiás (Barro Alto, Codemin — Anglo American) and Pará (Onça Puma — Vale; Araguaia — Horizonte Minerals).
Brazilian natural-graphite production rose from 58,000 tonnes in 2024 to 65,000 tonnes in 2025, ranking Brazil third among non-Chinese producers (after Tanzania and Madagascar). Brazil holds 74 million tonnes of reserves — second-largest globally. Key operations: Boa Sorte and Santa Cruz.
Vale's Sossego and Salobo mines in the Carajás Mineral Province produce approximately 400,000 tonnes of copper in concentrate per year. The complex also delivers over 8% of Brazil's gold as a by-product. Carajás is one of the world's great copper-gold districts.
Brazil produces 1.5–2.0 million tonnes of contained manganese per year from Vale's Urucum (Mato Grosso do Sul) and Azul (Pará) operations. The emerging high-purity manganese sulfate (HPMSM) market for battery cathodes is a growth opportunity for Brazilian operators.
Largo Resources' Maracás-Menininha in Bahia is one of the largest primary vanadium producers globally, producing vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) since 2014. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) for long-duration grid storage represent a new demand vector beyond traditional steel-alloying applications.
Brazil holds top-five global uranium reserves but currently produces essentially zero. Caetité (INB, Bahia) is idle; Santa Quitéria (Ceará) has been in federal permitting for over a decade. The contrast between reserve strength and production weakness is political and administrative rather than geological.